FINNISH NATIONAL CONSENSUS PLATFORM FOR ALTERNATIVES
3R Principles
3R stands for:
Replacement
of animal experiments
Reduction
of animal experiments
Refinement
of experiments (improvement of methods to minimize pain of experimental
animals)
W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch (1959):
The Principles of Humane
Experimental Technique
Andrew Rowan (HSUS):
The
Alternatives Concept. Provided by the
Animal Welfare
Information Center AWIC