Alaterä, A. & K. Halttunen (2001- 2003). Tiedonhaun perusteet.
Baeza-Yates, R. & Ribeiro-Neto, B. (1999). Modern information retrieval. New York: ACM Press.
Frakes, W.B & Baeza-Yates, R. (toim.) Information retrieval: data structures and algorithms. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Ingwersen, P. (1992). Information retrieval interaction . London: Taylor Graham.
Järvelin, K. (1995). Tekstitiedonhaku tietokannoista. Suomen ATK-kustannus.
Järvelin, K. & J. Kekäläinen (2002). Tiedonhaun menetelmät.
Harding, S.M.,Croft, W.B. & Weir, C. (1997).Probabilistic retrieval of OCR degraded text using N-gram . Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1324. Springer Berlin, 345-359.
Järvelin, A., Järvelin, A. & Järvelin, K. (2007). s-grams: Defining
Generalized n-grams for Information Retrieval. Information Processing
& Management 43(4): 1005-1019. (Preprint )
Järvelin, A. & Järvelin, A. (2008). Comparison of s-gram Proximity Measures in Out-of-Vocabulary Word Translatiion. In: 15th String Processing and Information Retrieval Symposium, Melbourne, Australia, November 10-12, 2008. To appear. (Preprint)
Mayfield, J. & McNamee, P. (2005). The HAIRCUT Information Retrieval System. APL Technical Digest.
Pirkola, A, Keskustalo, Heikki, Leppänen, Erkka, Känsälä, Antti-Pekka
and Järvelin, Kalervo (2002). Targeted
s-gram matching: a novel n-gram matching technique for cross- and
monolingual word form variants .
Information Research, 7(2).