Appendix V
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SELECTED COMMONLY USED TEXTBOOKS
IN ANGLOPHONE AFRICA
by Tony I. Nnaemeka
Ph.D, Executive Chairman/Managing Director
VENT Promotions/Communications Ltd., Lagos, Nigeria
This annotated bibliography, of major published works on mass communication
in Africa (mainly, the Anglophone sub-Saharan region), is the third of
such publications that have been undertaken by the African Council for
Communication Education (ACCE) to promote in the continent the development
and wide-spread use of textbooks and other teaching and research materials
that are relevant to local conditions and anchored on the experiences of
Africa's rich variety of socio-cultural, economic and political traditions.
The earlier two bibliographical inventories, produced by ACCE in 1991 and
1994, were unannotated. The present publication is unique only in terms
of the providing an updated and summary assessment of relevant works in
the field, with the aim of facilitating easier access and appreciation
of the import of such works for the better understanding of the complexity
of mass communication phenomenon in contemporary African settings.
The bibliographic inventory (books and journal articles) is arranged
under the following subject's sub-headings:
- Media History and Development
- Communication Theory and Research Methodologies
- Communication for Development
- Communication and Society
- Advertising and Public Relations
- Media Law, Ethics and Policies
- Training and Practice Guide Books/Manuals.
- General Reader.
Entries under each of the above subject categories are listed alphabetically
by name(s) of the authors. The order of listing of the works does not reflect
their respective significant import on the subject matter of discourse.
The main sources of information for this annotated bibliographic
inventory are: (a) existing bibliographies on the subject; (b) indexed
materials in libraries and documentation centres in Africa and the United
States; (c) inputs from individual scholars, researchers and educators
in the discipline, from various parts of the continent; (d) UNESCO publications
on the promotion of educational materials in communication studies and
activities in the Third World.
Particular gratitude is extended to Dr. Charles Okigbo, ACCE's current
executive director and his staff, under whose administrative initiative
and financial support this project was made possible. Also to be acknowledged
is the contributions of the following persons, who spent time and energy
searching through daunting pool of documents, in libraries, books, journals,
official report, etc., to make this publication possible. They are Messrs.
Maurice Onyinuka, Pius Onuoma, Fidelis Metchie and Miss Ngozi Achoma -
all served as research assistants on the project. Finally to be acknowledged
is the contribution of colleagues in Africa and the world at large, towards
making it possible for us to gain access to useful materials on the subject,
in their respective personal libraries, regional and documentation centres.
Media History and Development
1. Ainslie, Rosalynde: The Press in Africa: Communications Past and
Present. New York, USA: Walker and Coy, 1967.
This is one of the earliest and most commonly referenced surveys of
the Press of Africa. The book presents a panoramic view of the historical/philosophical
development of the press in the anglophone West Africa, Southern Africa
and East Africa, including the Congos, and other black West African and
Northern francophone countries, in the context of their respective European
colonial origins and traditions. Also discussed in the book are the early
development of broadcasting and other auxiliary media institutions, such
as national news agencies, telecommunication infrastructural facilities
and training outfits, in the region and their respective roles in colonial
and post-colonial national political emancipation struggles in the continent.
2. Balogun, Francoise: The Cinema In Nigeria. Enugu, Nigeria: Delta
Publishers (Nig) Ltd., 1987.
The history of the film (cinema) industry in Nigeria dates back to
the colonial times, and is characterised by a catalogue of continuing tense
struggles against myriad of militating social economic and bureaucratic
forces originating from that period. It has been a long battle for survival
through various forms of improvisation and entrepreneurship, leading to
some of the most unique funding patterns for film making on the African
continent. The book provides a detailed account, with examples, of some
of the innovative efforts by individual entrepreneurs to sustain the Nigerian
film industry, even in the face of dwindling public patronage of products
of the industry. These include flights into folklore and mythodology and
occasional sorties into contemporary social living conditions, in the thematic
content of indigenously produced films or adaptation of foreign originated
films distributed in the country, as well as the involvement of cultural
associations in the enterprise. In order to protect and ensure the sustenance
of the film (cinema theatre) industry in Nigeria, as well as in Africa
as a whole, as a veritable medium of grassroots-oriented social mobilisation
for development, especially in the light of stiff competition from alternative
new technology based entertainment media, the book advances some policy
measures and special inducement measures that have to be put in place.
3. Coker, Increase, H.E.: Landmark of the Nigerian Press: An Outline
of the Origins and Development of the Newspaper Press in Nigeria, 1859
- 1965. Lagos, Nigeria: National Press Ltd., 1968.
The book is one of earliest attempt by indigenous media practitioners
in Nigeria to produce a textbook on the history of newspapers press development
in the country. It chronicles the laws and legislative enactments that
impinged upon the early development of the media institution in Nigeria,
and discusses socio-political, economic and cultural factors that enhanced
the "success stories" of some of the pioneer newspapers in the country.
The book provides a useful insight and analysis of the dynamics of early
historical development of the press in Nigeria, and a guide for research
on its present structure and potentialities for social development.
4. Duyile, Dayo: Makers of Nigerian Press. Lagos, Nigeria: Gong
Communication Ltd., 1987.
Makers of Nigerian Press is essentially a compilation of the biographical
sketches of great figures, owners, publishers and editors, in the early
pre-independence development of journalism and the print media industry
in Nigeria. The biographies are accompanied by commentaries on the historical,
social, political and religious evangelistic movements of the time, that
informed the founding of each of the pioneer newspapers, and their respective
contributions toward the development of the country's print media industry
into a huge reputable "Tower of Freedom of Expression". Also addressed
in the book are the contributions of post-independence (1960 - 1980s) media
owners/publishers, public and private, in the further transformation and
development of the country's newspapers and magazines publishing industry,
and the promotion of ethical professional standards in the country. The
author draws most of the information upon which the work is based from
already published materials on the Nigerian press history. Nonetheless,
the book is a valuable resource material for students and researchers engaged
in the study of the political history of the Nigerian nation and the role
of the media in that process.
5. Ikime, Obaro (Ed.): 20th Anniversary History of WNTV. Ibadan:
Heinemann Educational Books (Nig.) Ltd., 1979.
The book provides an analytical account of the first 20 years of the
operation of Nigeria's premier television broadcasting station (and arguably
one of Africa's first broadcasting televisions outfits), the Western Nigeria
(Regional) Television Service WNTA. It is produced in context of the broad
policy and management objectives and practice methods that informed the
corporation's founding in 1959, and guided its early years of development
(1959 - 65), and its metamorphosis during the country's civil and immediate
post-civil war years (1966 and 1975), as part of a giant national network
of the country's central government - owned and directed television broadcasting
establishments (NTA - Ibadan). The work presents some specific significant
illustrative cases that show the nature of internally and externally generated
pressures of change, in the organisation, policy orientation and practice
directives, that became imperative at each of the phases of the station's
(WNTV) transformation and developmental history. These factors are discussed
in the book, with emphasis on their relationship, ownership structure,
programming of news and other public affairs events and the financing of
such programme throughout the evolutional history of the station (WNTV).
6. Jones-Quartey, K.A.B.: A Summary History of the Ghana Press: 1822
- 1960. Accra: Ghana Information Services Department, 1974.
The booklet summarises the history of the newspaper press in Ghana.
The work is meant to precede and to prepare the ground for more detailed
and more expansive studies, both theoretic and analytical, on the evolution
of the newspaper press in Ghana. It traces the genesis of newspaper publication
in Ghana to March 27, 1882, when the Royal Gold Coast Gazette made it's
debut. It also recorded newspapers that were published in Ghana, from that
date up until 1960. Under problems of press freedom, the booklet examines
issues of press ownership and controls in colonial Ghana (Gold Coast) as
well as economic technical, political and socio-cultural factors, that
impinged upon the actualisation of the concept. It concludes with an inventory
of newspapers that were published in the country from the late 19th century
to the middle of the 20th century.
7. Jose, Ismail, Babatunde: Walking A Tight Rope: Power Play in Daily
Times. Ibadan, Nigeria: University Press Ltd., 1987.
Walking A Tight Rope is an insider's critical and insightful analysis
of the complex web of historical, social, political, economic and personality
forces at play in the making of one of Africa's most distinguished and
widely circulated newspapers -- the Daily Times of Nigeria. The author
discusses the interplay of these forces, from the inception of the newspaper
in 1925 (as one of the subsidiaries of the London-based Daily Mirror group
in the British colonies), through its indigenisation and consolidation
shortly after the country's attainment of political independence in 1960,
to its current status as Africa's largest print media empire, with more
than 15 newspapers and magazines under its corporate entity. From a background
of more than three and half decades of continuous employment in the Daily
Times of Nigeria (as a "coffee boy", reporter, editor, managing director,
and ultimately the newspaper company's executive chairman), the author,
Alhaji (Dr.) I.B. Jose, brings to bear upon this historical account of
the making of Africa's largest newspaper empire such rare and rich personal
experiences and insights, including spicy anecdotes, that make the book
unique amongst other publications on the press history of Nigeria and Africa
in general. The simple lucid linguistic form of its presentation enhances
the value and attraction of the book. It qualifies definitely as a primary
resource material for the study and teaching of media history and development
in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.
8. Kasoma, Francis P.: The Press in Zambia Lusaka, Zambia. Multimedia
Publications, 1986.
The book presents a comprehensive study of the development, role and
control of the newspaper press in Zambia. It deals with the relationship
between the nation's newspapers on one hand and the state and the people
on the other. It traces the history of the press in Zambia from its humble
beginnings in 1906, with the short-lived Living stone Pioneer, to recent
times. The book discusses the role of the press in Zambia's political transformation,
from a colonial to an independent state; issues involved in state ownership,
and/or control of the press in a post colonial developing society, such
as Zambia; and (c) examines the opinion of leading Zambian editors on key
questions involving their work. The Press in Zambia is a valuable contribution
to the history and development of the newspaper press in the Anglophone
Africa. Students of journalism/mass communication, political science, public
administration, sociology, as well as African development studies, will
find the book an invaluable research resource material on the dynamics
of historical development in the East African country and, by extension,
in other Anglophone independent countries in the continent.
9. Kitchen, Helen (Ed.): The Press in Africa. Washington, D.C.,
USA: Ruth Sloan Associates Incorporated, 1956.
This is about the earliest survey of the Press establishments in Africa.
The work was undertaken when most parts of the continent were under European
colonial rule The editor of the volume, Helen Kitchen, was a working journalist
and close observer of African affairs prior to the attainment of political
independence of many of the African countries in the 1960's. She brought
to this analysis and interpretation, of newspapers and news media tradition
in pre-independence colonial Africa, a unique perspective that can only
be associated with one who experienced and has worked in that circumstance.
The publication is thus considered one of the landmark studies on the history
and development of the press in Africa.
10. Ladole, Olu Adefale & Olufemi, V. & Lasekun, Olu: History
of the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University
Press, 1979.
The book gives an overview of the historical development of Nigeria's
premier radio broadcasting outfit, the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation
(NBC), from its inception in 1930's as part of the British Broadcasting
Corporation's overseas rediffusion stations in then British West African
colonies to its current status of incorporation as a federal government
owned establishment. The NBC, presently composed, is a countrywide network
of independently administered radio stations in practically all of the
30 states of the country's federation. The technical, administrative, political
and personnel problems encountered at each stage of the corporation's development
are extensively discussed in the book. Also highlighted are policies and
legislations that guided the development.
11. MacKay, Ian. K.: Broadcasting in Nigeria. Ibadan: University
Press, 1964.
A pioneer and authoritative work on the early development of broadcasting
in Nigeria. The book traces the history to the introduction by the British
colonial authorities in the 1930s of the BBC's originated overseas programmes,
as part of its propaganda strategies in all of its territories world-wide,
including Nigeria. The BBC's overseas services, known as Radio Distribution
Services (RDS), linked audiences in the Anglophone West Africa and other
British overseas empire to programmes of the BBC through local rediffusion
stations. The RDS's were merely one-way system of communication, from Britain
to its territories world-wide. They were never designed and constituted
nor did they operate, as broadcast outlets for the mutual exchange of views
and information on the goings-on in the empire between the British colonial
authorities and their colonised subjects in the territories. Mackay's premier
work narrates the development of BBC's RDS in Nigeria, from its inception
in the 1930's, through its metamorphoses in the 1950's as a programme initiating
station in the name of Nigerian Broadcasting Service (NBS), and subsequently
in 1956 as an independently managed full-fledged broadcasting, outfit under
the name of Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC). The book concisely
discusses the problems encountered over the years of early development
of broadcasting in Nigeria, and subsequent problems of synchronisation
of legislations, programming, staff training and staff rationalisation
among government owned radio broadcasting establishment, in the 30 states
of the federation of the Nigerian polity. It is a must reading on the early
history of broadcasting development in Nigeria.
12. Omu, Fred: Press and Politics in Nigeria: 1880 - 1937. London:
Longmans Group Ltd., 1978.
Prior to the formation of political parties in the British West African
colonies, in the middle 1930's, the newspaper press was the chief instrument
of nationalism agitation for political independence in the region. The
press, particularly those promoted or founded by the frontline nationalists,
assumed the enviable combative role of opposition to the autocratic colonial
government rule, as well as serving as the principal organ of indigenous
public opinion mobilisation towards the struggle for political emancipation.
In this seminal study, the author places the rise of the newspaper industry
in Nigeria, one of the then British West African colonies, in the geo-political
and historical contexts of its development. He analyses the influences
of the press on the politics of nationalism of the time, the effectiveness
of press criticisms on the colonial administration in the country, and
upon changes in ideas and attitudes of both the elite and masses of the
population towards political emancipation The book remains one of the most
authoritative sources of information, for scholars and students engaged
in the study of the dynamics of press-politics relationship, in the emancipation
struggle of colonial territories in Africa.
13. Mgbejume, Onyero: Film in Nigeria: Developments, Problems and Promise.
Africa media monography series No. 7. Nairobi, Kenya: Africa Council for
Communication Education, 1989.
The monography traces the history of the cinema in Nigeria and in
other Anglophone African countries to the colonial times. It discusses
how the British colonial administrations in the continent, especially in
Nigeria, used the potentials of the film medium to enhance the goals of
colonialism and erode African cultural heritage. It objects to the view,
commonly held by many commentators on post-independence African development,
that the new political leaders in the continent deliberately maintain a
lukewarm attitude towards commitment to the growth of an indigenous strong
film industry and its fruitful exploitation in development, because of
some self-serving personal political and economic interests that may accrue
from the operations of foreign based European film producing companies
and the flooding of their cheap products in Africa. It highlights some
of the major concrete problems that militate against film development in
Africa (Nigeria, as a case study), which have practically little or nothing
to do with self-serving material proceeds to decision-makers. These include,
for example, bureaucracy, colonial legacies and neo-colonial relationships,
low level of recognition of media (as a whole) in the development process,
and absence of trained technicians in the management of the new media technology
of mass communication. The report makes useful suggestions and recommendations
on how to develop a viable indigenous film industry in Nigeria and Africa,
to serve the main purposes of grassroots oriented transformation and change
in the continent.
Communication Theory and Research
14. Doob, Leonard, W.: Communication in Africa: A Search for Boundaries.
New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961.
This is a pioneer theoretical and methodological work on the universe
of significant socio-cultural, linguistic and psychological variables that
impinge upon communication patterns in Africa, particularly in the sub-Saharan
region; the boundaries of which, the author believes, must be clearly delineated
and properly understood in the context of the peoples' notions of being,
ideation and possibilities, for any serious research engagement on the
phenomenon of African social communication to produce useful results. Guided
by this perspective, the author identifies and explores the heuristic significance
of twelve critical cognition structuring variables, and presents a culture
rooted conceptical framework for empirical studies and understanding of
problem of social communication indeed contemporary African societies and
the rest of the developing Third World, at large. The publication has not
only opened many vistas of productive theoretical and methodological engagements
on the problems of general social communication in modern African and Third
World developmental settings. It has continued to serve as one of the most
useful comprehensive conceptual frameworks for the organisation of research,
data interpretation and action programmes on a variety of problems of development
communication in Africa and the developing Third World. The technical nature
of discourse of the content of the book, obviously appears to limit its
appreciation and value for the understanding of the development communication
dynamics, in Africa to many academics, scholars and policy analysts who
are not so versed in various social research theories and methodologies.
As a major adjunct to textbooks teaching materials, especially at the graduate
levels of communication education, the full import of the work in the development
of the discipline in Africa would be more readily appreciated and recognised.
15. Uyo, Adidi O.: Mass Media Messages In a Nutshell. New York,
USA: Civilities International, 1987.
In this book, the author identifies major categories of information
packaging and presentation in the mass media and constructs of different
prototypes of messages that could fit into the various information categories
-- straight news story reporting or newscast, "editorial barbs", editorial
commentaries and so on. The book is a veritable companion of any aspiring
journalist who wishes to make a success of a career in the media, either
as a news reporter, newscaster, columnist or "in-house" editorial writer.
It is definitely a recommended supplementary text in the training of students
of mass communication and journalism in Africa and anywhere else in the
world.
16. Uyo, Adidi O.: Mass Communication Media: Classifications and Characteristics.
New York, USA: Criviletis International, 1987.
This deceptively simple but highly invaluable introductory text for
students of mass communication and journalism deals with those "little
things" that matter "a great deal" for a beginner to gain a proper grasp
of the mass media world. The matter it exposes is two-fold: the "membership"
of the mass media family including its adjunct fields such as public relations,
advertising and marketing communication; and the qualities that are associated
with the makings of great media set-ups in a society. These are undoubtedly
some of those "little things" about the world of modern mass communication
media which students of the discipline must first grasp before venturing
into the more complex aspects or "the big things" of mass communication
media studies, such as impacts, effects and role structuring/functioning.
For young practitioners, journalists and other communicators in the allied
fields, such a rudimentary knowledge of the mass media world is a prerequisite
for effective practice.
Communication for Development
17. Aboyade, B. Olabimpe: The Provision of Information for Rural
Development. Ibadan, Nigeria: Fountain Publications, 1987.
The book engages the subject of grassroots rural development in Africa,
from a refreshing information flow perspective. It emphasises the establishment,
in different African countries, of national data bank systems, on all conceivable
aspects of problems of rural transformation and development and their possible
solutions, which can be easily accessed by planners and change agents in
their various intervention strategies, as the sine qua non of authentic
national development. In this regard, the author proposes the formation
of an organisation or statutory body -- Rural Development Information Services
(RUDIS) -- to be charged with the responsibility of organising and management
of the various rural development data banks in each country. RUDIS is conceived
in the book as an innovative institution for meeting variety of specialised
development information needs of the rural population in Africa and ensuring
that these are systematically integrated in the planning efforts and activities
of various development agencies operating in the rural areas. An important
aspect of RUDIS formation, as projected in the book, is its facilitation
of the transfer of technical information from the relatively advantaged
urban centres of development to the less industrialised rural areas of
Africa. The information flow system, represented in the RUDIS model, is
therefore seen by the author as a veritable nerve centre of innovation
penetration and transformation of rural life, both in Nigeria and in other
developing countries of Africa and the Third World.
18. Akinfeleye, Ralph A. (Ed.): Contemporary Issues in Mass Media for
Development and National Security. Lagos Nigeria: Unimedia Publications
Ltd.; 1988.
The volume deals with a variety of philosophical, constitutional,
legal, ethical and national security considerations and problems in the
liberalisation of the operations of the mass media in the emerging new
nations of Africa, and the effective deployment of their resources for
social change and development. It is organised in six sections. The first
section covers articles on the broad areas of mass media roles in national
security arrangements and national development efforts. Section two is
devoted to articles on communication policy for authentic national development,
while the third section, covers critical analysis on media education perspectives,
for journalism and mass communication training programmes in Africa, in
the effective development of an appropriate corps of practitioners that
can face the challenges of development in the continent. Section four deals
with subjects on communication laws, ethics and social responsibilities
expectations of media practitioners in contemporary African societies,
with critical evaluation of the relevance of prevailing philosophical theories
of press freedom and social responsibilities to contemporary compelling
conditions in Africa. In section five, issues in international communication
of the new democracies in Africa, for their authentic national development,
effective presence and forceful voices in the community of nations, are
addressed, while the last section of the book is devoted to articles on
communication and cultural development. The volume reflects the thinking
of many African communication scholars and researchers, who nurse both
a passion for the democratic liberalisation of the press in Africa and
some form of guided central government's control in their operations.
19. Akinfeleye, Ralph. A. (Ed.): Health Communication and Development.
Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books Ltd., 1989.
The book explores the relationship between communication and good
health care delivery. Contributors to the book consist of communication
specialists and practitioners. The eleven topics or chapters of the book
cover various aspects of Nigeria's rural and urban health care systems
and the efficiency of their attendant communication campaign strategies.
Without the benefit of a pre-post intervention analysis, it is difficult
to say which of the discussed communication strategies in the book can
be considered most efficacious in health communication education and promotions
in Africa, especially among the rural poor and illiterate population.
20. Ansah, Paul & Fall, Cherif & Koulen, Bernard Chindji &
Mwaura, Peter: Rural Journalism in Africa. Reports and Papers on Mass
Communication. No. 88. Paris: UNESCO, 1981.
The report traces some of the early experiments on rural "newspapers"
in Africa to Liberia in the 1960s. The publications were usually one-page
mimeographed news-sheets with a modest circulation. After presenting some
of the advantages of rural press in Africa's development efforts, the report
highlights various structural manpower and production problems that have
made it apparently difficult to sustain a meaningful newspaper press tradition
in the rural areas, and its integration into the national development communication
and information resource grid. It calls for a more determined commitment
by governments and non-governmental international development aid agencies,
through research, subsidies and linkage relationships with training institutions,
to see to the proper rooting and flowering of rural journalism and rural
press in Africa as part of the continent's global development agenda.
21. Mcanany, Emile G. (Ed.): Communication in the Rural Third World:
The Role of Information in Development. Santa Cruz, California: Praeger
Publishers, 1980.
The book, which deals on development communication, is a product of
four field studies, that were conducted in El Salvador, Guatemala Mexico,
of Southern America, and in the Ivory Coast, of West Africa. It addresses
fundamental questions concerning learning via the modern educational technological
media; how the introduction of television in the learning process affects
an entire society's educational school system; whether or not modern education
media can achieve some of their proven effectiveness in the nonformal education
sector, and whether modern media of communication could make a significant
beneficial impact on the learning process of the poorest segment of the
society in a developing country -- the usually illiterate mass of the population,
living on subsistence and small-scaled farming. It also critically discusses
basic assumptions underlying the role of information and the information
environment of the rural poor, and constraints in that environment, in
the transformation and development of peoples and communities in the rural
areas of the Third World countries. It provides possible media strategies
to achieve this goal.
22. Moemeka, Andrew A.: Local Radio: Community Education for Development.
Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Press Ltd., 1981.
The simultaneous transformation and modernisation of both the urban
and rural communities in Africa, which make up about 80 per cent of the
countries entire population, is considered the most meaningful, viable
and effective strategy for broad-based, balanced and sustainable development
of the continent. The old sequential model of national development, the
"trickle down" theory, from the urban centres to the rural communities
has been flawed. This book thus examines some other major structural and
communication infrastructural transformation and modernisation of rural
communities in Nigeria, which are also shared by most other developing
countries in Africa and the Third World societies. The most significant
of the problems emphasised is how change-including information can be transferred
to the largely illiterate rural population, through education, particularly
of the non-formal types. The author critically analyses those problems
and the various tried and tested methods of taking modernisation-inducing
information and education to the country-side of developing nations. He
presents an innovative and insightful "manifesto for Action" that can make
the rural communities both centres of modernisation processes and sources
of development impulses. A strong case is made in the book for the establishment
of rural community based radio as the most potent communication media facilitator
of the change process.
23. Nwosu, Ikechukwu. E. (Ed.): Mass Communication and National Development
Perspectives on the Communication Environment of Development in Nigeria.
Aba Nigeria: Frontier Publishers Ltd., 1990.
This is a 395-page compendium, of 34 authored reports and analyses,
by some of Africa's distinguished communication scholars, on the intimate
relationships between various environmental and communication factors in
the transformation of Africa's rural communities. Contributions in the
volume collectively paint a lucid picture of the communication environment
of development in contemporary rural African society, and point to how
modern mass media can contribute to its social, economic, political and
cultural transformation and development. The volume also offers several
illuminating "real-life" case reports on integrated rural development projects
in Nigeria, to expand the reader's insight into the practical problems
of rural development in Africa (Nigeria), gain better appreciation of the
magnitude of the tasks involved, and how the resources of mass communication
may better be employed in the solutions. This is definitely a veritable
working companion and reference material for media professionals, information
officers, development administrators, public relations and advertising
personnel, scholars, students and researchers, involved in rural development
in Africa, particularly in the field of Health Communication and management,
which is the main thrust of the volume.
24. Nwuneli, Onuora E. Family Planning in South-East Asia. Its Implications
for Africa. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos, 1980.
This monography is based upon the report of an observational study
tour of a number of south east Asian countries family plannings projects.
It contains two research reports, by Frank, Ughoajah and Onuora Nwuneli,
on the imports of some selected socio-economic, demographic and mass media
variables, (such as population size, land size, income, literacy rate,
and media use patterns), in family planning media programmes designs, campaign
strategies and effectiveness based on the experiences of some south-east
Asian countries visited. The authors observed, from the study tour that
many of the South eastern Asian nations were way ahead of most African
countries unsystematically organised government sponsored family planning
programmes. For example, they found that while most of the Asian countries
have moved from "clinical" to "community-based" family planning, Nigeria
and many other African countries are still attempting to introduce clinically-based
family planning programmes. They also found that, even though countries
such as India and the Philippines share just about the same socio-economic
development constraints as Nigeria, these other countries are well ahead
of Nigeria in their family planning efforts. The monography is of considerable
value as it deals in details with all the possible aspects and issues associated
with family planning programmes in over six nations in Southeast Asia.
From their Asian countries experiences, the author of the two papers presented
in the monograph went on to suggest possible family planning strategies
for Nigeria and other African nations.
25. Nwuneli, Onuorah (Ed.): Communications and Human Needs in Africa.
Bronx, New York, USA: ALA Lamplight Edition, Beggar Press, 1988.
This is an assemblage of thoroughly edited key papers that were presented
at a conference of the African Council for Mass Communication Education,
held in Lagos, Nigeria, from the 5th - 7th August, 1985. Materials in the
volume are presented in two parts. The first section deals with information
needs in contemporary Africa, while the second part discusses food needs
in the continent. Both sections of the book contain articles that address
in depth, the role of mass communicators in the provision of these two
significant areas of human needs in contemporary African situation; the
current level of performance and achievements; constraints on communicators
and communication processes, including analyses of the physical, socio-political
and economic contexts of development communication in Africa. Also covered
in the text materials are recommendations for evolving an appropriate conceptual,
technological, educational and personnel resources development frameworks,
for the emergence of socially responsive and self-determining mass communicators
and mass communication industries in various African countries, and their
positive channelling towards the information and other related development
needs of the continent.
26. Nwuneli, Onuora E. & Opubor, Alfred (Eds.): Environmental Awareness
for Media Practitioners: A Nigerian Workshop. Lagos: Seagul Publishers,
1983.
The book contains a collection of papers, presented at a seminar on
"Environmental Awareness for media practitioners in Nigeria", organised
by the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Housing and Environment and designed
to acquaint media professionals with all aspects of environmental pollution
problems in the country. The volume addresses several dimensions of industrial
and house-hold refuse disposal management problems in Nigeria; their environmental
pollution imports, and media roles in campaigns for a pollution-free environment
in the country. Specific media coverages of environmental population problems
were raised, for critical examination, in the book.
27. Onyekwere, Evelyn (Ed.): Persuasion Strategies and Message Design
In Family Planning. Kenya Institute of Mass Communication Population
Communication Monographs, No. 3. Nairobi: UNESCO/UNFPA, Kenya Institute
of Mass Communication, 1991.
This is a compilation of selected papers, presented at the UNESCO/UNFPA
sponsored workshop on population communication in Africa, held in Nakuru,
Kenya, in April 1991. It covers issues of persuasion and communication
strategies in family planning campaigns; formation of public opinion, beliefs
and attitudes; relevance of various types of innovation diffusion theories
to family planning campaigns in Africa; message designs and development,
for a family planning campaign in Africa, from a socio-cultural perspective,
and the productive employment of the mass media in the propagation and
"sale" of the philosophy behind the family planning concepts and objectives,
particularly in the rural communities. The volume also brings to the forefront,
of developmental communication in Africa, issues of research on persuasion
and message systems that have high potential of moving the societies along
the path of positive change.
Communication and Society
28. Uche, Luke. U.: Mass Media, People and Politics in Nigeria.
New Delhi: Concept Publishing Co., 1989.
The inter-relationship between the socio-cultural factors in the characters
and orientations of media formations in the emerging new democracies in
Africa, and the dominant features of politics and public administration
in those countries, have always engaged the attention and interest of students,
scholars and researchers of political communication in the continent. In
this book, the author, who is a professor of Mass Communication at the
University of Lagos, Nigeria, provides evidence to demonstrate through
both forceful logic and rigorous factual analyses of media editorial content,
that distinct components of contemporary Nigerian national mass media formations
share in all significant dimensions the ethnic factional orientation and
aggressive partisan characterisation of the country's post-independence
pattern of politics. Most of the country's post-independence media formations,
the author argues, developed under the powerful influence of ethnically
structured political organisations and interest groups. Consequently, they
in turn became vehicles for propagation and reinforcement of the ethnicity
thesis that underlined post-independence politics in Nigeria and parterns
elsewhere in the African continent.
29. Ugboajah, Frank Okwu (Ed.): Mass Communication, Culture and Society
in West Africa. New York, London, Paris: Hans Zell Publishers, 1985.
The book is a collection of papers, by some of Africa's eminent scholars
and researchers, on the dynamic interplay of culture, history and technology
in the shaping of the character and operation of the Mass Communication
media in the West African region. The influences of these forces, on the
workings of the media in the region, are examined theoretically from the
perspectives of cultural programming, linguistic vehicular modes of information
packaging and message diffusion, and professionalism within the industry.
The collection is one of the earliest attempts to bring together, diverse
theoretical and data-based works on mass communication in the social development
of West African region, under a unified heuristic framework. Edited by
one of the best minds in the field, Professor Ugboajah (now deceased),
the collection provides a stimulus for researches in many aspects of mass
communication phenomenon within the cultural tradition of West African
peoples. It presents a useful theoretical framework for undertaking such
research activities.
Advertising and Public Relations
30. Adebayo, Olusegun O.: Public Relations Strategies and Implementation.
Lagos, Nigeria: Economic Communications Ltd.; 1992.
This book is a compilation of papers presented by the author, on various
aspects of corporate public relations programming and implementation strategies,
at different seminars and workshops for senior executives in business and
industry in Nigeria. The author, who is a widely recognised and renowned
public relations practitioner in Nigeria, did not set out to produce a
text that addresses from a systematic conceptual frame work, Key issues
inpublic relations practice either from a global or in the specific context
of the Nigerian socio-cultural, political and business environment. Consequently,
the book is essentially void of a theoretically grounded coherent theme
and action perspective. Nonetheless, it presents from the practical experience
of the author, a text that should serve as a functional guide for students,
researchers, teachers and practitioners in the field, including chief executives
of corporate bodies in the discharge of their public relations functions.
31. Adebayo, Olusegun O.: Public Relations and strategic Planning.
Lagos, Nigeria: Economic Communications Ltd., 1993.
The systematic integration of public relations programmes in the overall
corporate strategic planning of business and industrial organisations,
in the increasingly expanding economies of Third World countries like Nigeria,
is viewed in this book as one of the most viable options towards the attainment
of organisation's corporate goals. The various ways in which corporate
image promotions, advertising and marketing communication can be fruitfully
employed as strategic intervention mechanisms in the consolidation and
growth of business and industrial enterprises in a fledgling economy, are
discussed. The book is a follow-up to the author's earlier work on the
subject. Like the author's earlier work, this book is enriched by practical
case situation analyses from the writer's long-term experience as a public
relations practitioner/consultant in Nigeria. It is a useful complemental
text for students and practitioners of public relations, advertising and
marketing in the developing Third World countries.
32. Ajala, Victoria. O.: Public Relations: In Search of Professional
Excellence. Ibadan, Nigeria: Afrika-Link Books, 1993.
This book is a response to the dire need of students and practitioners
to have at their disposal a textbook, with a local touch, on Public Relations
- a profession that is increasingly assuming a very important and significant
role in the conduct of various private, public and government business
operations in Nigeria and Africa as a whole. Written in lucid English,
the book covers "run-off-the-mill" topics in Public Relations, from general
principles through practice to specialised areas of practice such as financial
public relations. It also explores cross-disciplinary subjects such a marketing
and research, and conflict management, in corporate public relations activities.
33. Doghudje, Chris A.: Advertising in Nigeria Perspectives. Lagos:
Zus Bureau, 1987.
The book is a compilation of lecture notes and papers that were presented
by the author, at various national and international seminars and workshops
on advertising as it is practised in Nigeria. It is a bold attempt by a
practitioner to respond to the quest for self-reliance in advertising education
in Africa. The twenty chapters of the book are laced with insightful case
studies from the Nigerian experience. They cover such topics as: What advertising
is all about; the role of advertising in a country's (Nigeria) economic
and social development; the influence of advertising on culture; advertising
and nation-building; advertising practitioners and the role they play in
national development, etc. Also extensively discussed in the book are the
different departments of an advertising agency and their respective functions.
Other issues covered are methods of billings on advertising contracts and
ethics of advertising practice. The author hopes that the publication will
stimulate other practitioners in the field to engage in the production
of similar text materials, that have rich African cultural values orientation
content, and case studies based on the local experiences.
34. Offonry, Kanu H.: Guide to Public Relations Practice in Nigeria.
Owerri, Nigeria: New Africa Publications Ltd., 1985.
This book is designed and produced out of the necessity to have a
comprehensive textbook, for students of public relations in higher institutions
in Nigeria, that will address key issues of public relations practice in
a developing country like Nigeria, and from the perspective of a practitioner's
knowledge and experiences. The volume emphasises various aspects of public
relations functions, the guiding philosophies, implications and special
requirements based on local situations. The content of the book reflects
the product of a long-term public relations practitioner and from the higher
level of executive business management in Nigeria. The author was for a
long time a chief executive of a giant multi-national business/industrial
corporation in Nigeria. Guide to Public Relations Practice, by Chief Kanu
Offonry, is a fruit of combined study, research and prolonged practical
experience of the author. It is thus a valuable compliment to any textbook
on the subject.
35. Ogunsanya, Adegboyega: Strategy and Public Relations: Techniques
for the CEO. Lagos, Nigeria: Richmond Books Ltd., 1991.
This is an attempt to develop a text-book material for the instruction
of students and guidance of practitioners in corporate public relations
and public affairs communication in the Third World. The content of the
book is organised along the following divisions or chapters:-
* public relations techniques for decision makers.
* critical factors for success
* the "much sought after" competitive advantage.
* public relations in professional organisations.
* managing the media.
* managing the image of the Chief Executive Officer.
* building good corporate image.
* crisis management.
The effective blend of concepts, principles and practical illustrative
cases, in the discussion of issues under each of the above subjects, constitutes
the major strength of the publication and its wide appeal to students,
scholars and practitioners in public relations, as well as top executives
in business and industry in Nigeria and similarly disposed Third world
countries.
36. Okigbo, Charles (Ed.): Advertising and Public Relations. Enugu:
Snaep Press Ltd., 1990.
The thirty-three well-documented chapters of this book analyse in
depth the inter-relationship between advertising and public relations activities,
in modern corporate organisational image making; Contributors to the volume
explored, from their varied practice experiences, configuration of this
relationship and discussed some innovative ideas and strategies to achieve
a convenient balance between the goals of business and corporate public
relations. Part of the richness of the materials presented in the book
is the balance between the academics and the practitioners. Some of the
chapters in the book come from only those who have taught the subject for
a reasonable length of time. Other chapters originate from persons with
long term experience and knowledge of the practice, in the peculiar African
situation. The work constitutes a major and significant contribution to
advertising and public relations education and practice in Africa.
37. Olatunji, Ladi: Glossary of Advertising, Marketing and Communication
Terms. Lagos, Nigeria: Capitol Books, 1988.
As the title indicates, the book presents a glossary of words and
phrases commonly used in advertising, public relations, journalism, marketing
communications and allied fields. It therefore provides professionals in
these fields of mass communication enterprise a standardised lexicon of
terms and concepts that are in use in the various activity areas of the
profession.
38. Olusegun, Adebayo: Public Relations in Banking. Lagos: Maneda
Publications Ltd., 1988.
As the Nigerian money market becomes more competitive, so also has
the need for formal financial corporate public relations become imperative.
The text exposes the growth and development of the banking and financial
institutions in Nigeria in recent years, and the correspondent need for
new cadre of corporate public relations practitioners to handle the image
making requirements of the institution. This book draws attention to the
dearth of such professionals in the field and calls for appropriate training
to produce them. It suggests guidelines for the development of relevant
training curricula for such professionals and how their work can be integrated
into a company's overall management activities.
39. Orraca, Tetteh. K.: Public Relations: A New Approach. Ibadan,
Nigeria: Mackay Educational Services, 1986.
This six-chapter book discusses the evolution of public relations
in Nigeria; offers useful critiques on the definitions and practice of
public relations in Nigeria; its strengths and weaknesses; and its contributions
to public policies. It also addresses the values of various tools of public
relations practice, such as news releases, events sponsorships, news conferences,
exhibitions and advertisement. With the aid of local and international
case studies, the book emphasised the importance of financial public relations
in the growth and development of entities.
Media Laws, Ethics and Policies
40. Blackwell, Leslie & Bamford, Brian Reginald: Newspaper Law
of South Africa. Cape Town: Juta and Company Ltd., 1963.
An overview of the press (newspaper) laws in South Africa. The book
is divided into five parts. Part one deals with definitions of newspapers,
while part two covers issues of disclosure of sources of information by
the press. It is held that only lawyers are given specific privileges to
withhold information gathered in the course of their professional duties;
journalists do not enjoy such privileges under South African Laws. Part
three of the book focuses on restrictions on publication, under topics
like: registration and licensing of newspapers; reports of judicial and
parliamentary proceedings; contempt of court; contempt of parliament; defamation;
copyright; prohibited advertisements; telegraphic messages; Sunday observance;
indecent and obscene materials, state security and race relations. Part
four treats press code of conducts, while part five covers prohibitions
on imported publications under the nation's customs act. The book is one
of the earliest significant works on Press Law in Africa, particularly
in southern Africa.
41. Duyile, Dayo: Journalistic Ethics: A Book on Ethics of Journalism
in Africa. Ibadan, Nigeria: Gong Communications (Nig.) Ltd., 1989.
The book treats issues of ethics in journalism practice in contemporary
Africa, the ethical requirements of ancillary media professions such as
public relations, and advertising, and the upholding of the ethics of main
stream journalistic practice in the production and presentation of communication
materials in any of the support corporate information image building activities.
The role of the National Press Council, and the International Press Institute,
and other similar organisations, in the development of a world-wide acceptable
ethical operational framework for the press in Africa, is explored in the
book. Recommendations are made on how the African media systems can be
properly constituted and positioned in the ethical framework of their respective
countries, to service the best normative values of their respective country's
incorporation and operational circumstances.
42. Elias, T.O. (Ed.): Nigerian Press Law. Lagos: University of
Lagos, Nigeria; and London: Evans Brothers Ltd., 1969.
The book is a collection of essays on a hitherto neglected aspect
of constitutional law development history in the colonial and immediate
post-independence Anglophone Africa. Nigeria is the case study of this
analyses. It exposes the legal and constitutional framework within which
the colonial Anglophone African press (newspapers and other periodicals)
were established and operated in Nigeria as well as adjustments that were
made in those operational instruments prior to and upon the attainment
of political independence in Nigeria. Some of the key topics covered in
the volume include: the liberty of the citizenry, and freedom of expression,
freedom of opinions and exchange of ideas under the limits of the operative
legal and constitutional provisions; legal and administrative requirements
for publishing of a newspaper or periodicals for public consumption; protection
against malicious defamation of public officials, seditious publication;
contempt of the court and parliamentary and judicial proceedings; obscene
and indecent publications etc, with discussions on the variations in versions
of the laws that operate in different states of the federation to reflect
peculiarities in local conditions. The Nigerian Press Law is a landmark
work, on the constitutional and legal historical development of the press
institution in the Anglophone African countries. The contributors to the
volume constitute some of the best legal minds in the field. The editor
is unquestionably one of Africa's most acknowledged and revered constitutional
law expert, one time Chief Justice of the Federal, Nigeria Supreme Court
and President of the International Court of Jurists at Hagues.
43. Farounbi, Yemi: Whither Nigerian Broadcasting: External or Self
Control. Ibadan, Nigeria: Cheeby Management Services, 1977.
The booklet discusses issues of the rationale for national broadcasting
system and the need for its control in the developing Third World. In addition
to the traditional functions of education, information, and entertainment
which every other media of mass communication performs, the author draws
attention to special services which broadcasting provides in society: --
culture preservation and rejuvenation. This latter function, the author
argues, makes the broadcast medium one of the most significant tools in
modern times for national character formation and general progress and
development of a people. As a result, the medium has to be controlled to
prevent its misuse or derailment from the path of national progress and
aspirations particularly in a Third World post-colonial setting. But rather
than outright control by the government of the operations and content of
the medium, the author suggests the setting up of an independent Council
to be supervised by the government to regulate broadcasting activities
in Africa.
44. Gboyega, Bode: Journalism In Nigeria: An All Comers Profession?
Akure, Nigeria: Ojomo Publications, 1989.
The book is a critical appraisal of provisions of the Nigeria Media
Council Law (Decree No. 59) of 1988, that establishes a statutory commission
charged with the regulation of the conduct and professional standards of
practice of the media and journalists in the country. The author upholds
all the provisions of the law, estoling in particular aspects of it that
make formal training in an approved institution of journalism and mass
communication education and the acquisition of a diploma or degree, pre-requisities
for practice in the country. He sees the promulgation of the law as a necessary
intervention by the government to transform journalism practice in Nigeria
into an enviable profession, comparable to other respected professions
in the society, such as law, accountancy, medicine, etc.
45. Kasoma, Francis P.: Communication Policies in Zambia. Tampere:
University of Tampere, 1990.
This study is another contribution to the UNESCO-sponsored programme
in national communication policies in the Third World countries. Its first
part deals with the historical development of modern mass communication
systems in Zambia and discusses various constraints and problems faced
by the mass media industry in the country. In recognition of the critical
role of traditional African media of mass communication, in development,
the report projects them as another vital communication system which should
be strengthened and made to operate in tandem, through a systematically
designed national communication policy, with the modern media. The second
part of the book presents an assessment of the state and praxis of communication
policies and media role in Zambia, from the media professionals' perspectives.
A survey based opinion interviews, and seminar discussions with mass media
heads, relevant government officials and journalists, trainers and educators,
were conducted to provide a valid base for the assessment. The results
from the survey provides the basis of policy recommendation in the book.
46. Kasoma, Francis P.: Communication Policies in Botswana, Lesotho
and Swaziland. Tampere: University of Tampere, 1992.
47. Kasoma, Francis P.: Journalism Ethics in Africa. Nairobi,
Kenya: African Council for Communication Education, 1994.
Journalism was imported into Africa from the West. This does not mean,
however, that the ethical principles on which African journalism is based
should be similarly imported. In this collection, well-known mass communication
specialists in Africa explore the ethical problems and solutions in the
arena of contemporary African journalism. Views expressed differ on (a)
who should be "blamed" for a seemingly lack of proper moral grounding of
journalism practice in the continent (the journalist, the employer, the
policy-makers, the trainers, or the general public), (b) the best form
of ethical orientation that is most suitable for Africa in its current
state of development (deontological, utilitarian, situational ethical principles
or a combination of some of all of these in journalism practice), and (c)
the most appropriate means of ensuring the institutionalisation of a desired
ethical standards in journalism practice in Africa -- through legislation,
training or self-regulation of the journalist. The book provides African
students and practitioners of journalism with a rich variety of opinions,
debates and solutions to problems which will confront them daily in their
working lives.
48. Nnaemeka, Tony & Egerton, Uvieghara & Didi, Uyo (Eds.): Philosophy
and Dimensions of National Communication Policy. Vols. 1 and 2. Lagos,
Nigeria: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilisation, 1989.
The two volumes of this book are definitely not just another compendium
of essays to fill gaps in existing literature. They contain original, thoughtful,
critical and penetrating insightful essays, carefully reasoned and properly
documented and designed, to provide useful guides in the formulation of
a national communication policy in a post-colonial African and Third World
Country. Volume 1 of the book is made up of 28 chapters (essays), of 420
pages, grouped into six sections that cover distinctive conceptual/theoretical
areas of concern in the making of an authentic national communication policy
in a post-colonial African and Third World country. Essays in volume 2,
on the other hand, address the practical issues of communication systems
designs and deployment for development, including manpower resource development,
media programming and research, and appropriate organisational framework
to harmonise the objectives of domestic and foreign relations thrusts of
governments in Africa with the outpourings from their respective mass media
institutions. The two volumes compliment and reinforce each other. They
are both essential readings for students, researchers, policy analysts
and policy makers, in the field, who desire a thorough and comprehensive
understanding of the intricate problems and prospects of mass communication
engineering in the modernisation and development in Africa and the Third
World countries.
49. Ugboajah, Frank. O.: Communication Policies in Nigeria. Paris,
France: UNESCO project on Policies, 1980.
The publication is one of a series of works on communication policies
in the developing countries, that were commissioned by UNESCO in the late
1970's, with the aim of assertaining and documenting the efforts of the
Third world towards the harmonious mobilisation of modern communication
technology resources for development ends, via a deliberate national policy.
It represents a Nigerian case study in that global effort. The book starts
by providing the reader with a general background information on the country
- her political history, socio-economic and political geography, population
and land area, significance in the region's geo-political dynamics, and
international affairs. It further discusses the mass media system of Nigeria
which comprises print and electronic media and a wire service adjunct -
the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN). It also traces the development of newspaper
publishing in the country and the role the press played in Nigeria's nationalism.
It gives a run-down profile of some of the surviving daily and weekly papers
in Nigeria, observing that all the media of mass communication in the country
are unban-based and tend to cater for the interest and tastes of the urban
elite. Under public policies of the mass media, the book notes that there
does not exist any standard official policy for the regulation of the mass
media in the country other than various administrative, legal and extra-legal
procedures and regulations that impinge on the establishment and operations
of the mass media. Other issues discussed include manpower development
and professionalism. The author concludes by calling for the development,
through a well articulated national policy, of a mass communication system
that will serve as an integrative action framework for, communications
and development activities in the region. The views expressed and opinions
proffered in the book, regarding the need for the establishment of a comprehensive
national communication policy, in furtherance of development efforts in
Nigeria, have been apparently discharged in the 1993 formal official policy
on mass communication institutionalisation and operation in the country.
Training and Practice Guide Manuals
50. Akinfeleye, Ralph A.: Essentials of Modern African Journalism:
A Premier. Lagos, Nigeria: Miral Printing Press, 1982.
The book is designed as an introductory text in aid of basic journalism
and mass communication training, and other professional improvement courses,
in Africa. It provides answers to some basic questions of practice that
the young aspiring journalists in Africa would like to know before making
a career decision. Such issues as: what being a journalist is; the intellectual
and practical skills requirements of the practice; where and how to obtain
the skills; peculiar demands from the working environments of the African
journalist; and others; are addressed in the book. It also contains a comparative
analysis of journalism and mass communication training and career development
programmes in 16 institutions in five (5) African countries, namely; Nigeria,
Ghana, Kenya, Senegal and Tanzania. Other topics covered in the book include:
editorial impact of different types of newspaper/magazine layouts; typography
and design; editing and graphic displays and photo reporting treatments.
The basic character of contemporary African journalistic orientation and
practice is discussed under what the author termed "cocktail journalism",
"journalism of next-of-kin", "journalism of the general order" and "journalism
of conscience". The author advocates what is termed "journalism of conscience"
as the desirable conceptual framework for the training of would-be journalists
in Africa, and the professional induction courses for new entrains.
51. Aspinall, Richard. P.: Radio Programme Production: A Manual for
Training. Paris: UNESCO, 1971.
This is a manual designed for the training of radio personnel in Africa
and other developing countries of the Third World, in the art and craft
of radio programmes production and presentation. It provides some useful
insights on the growth and development of radio broadcasting in the continent,
and addresses technical facilities including personnel development, that
must be in place to ensure appropriate and desirable training of would-be
practitioners of radio broadcasting journalism in Africa.
52. Awoyinfa, Mike & Igwe Dimgba: The Art of Feature Writing for
Newspapers and Magazines. Ibadan, Nigeria: Shanson C.I. Ltd., 1991.
This is a contribution, from two experienced Nigerian journalists,
to the growing literature on the practical aspects of journalism practice
in a Third World environment like Nigeria, where the operative conditions
are often radically different from what obtain in the developed Western
societies. Virtually everything a new entrant into the profession or a
foreign journalists coming first time into a country like Nigeria needs
to know, about constraints in accessing valuable information from official
sources, through strategies for overcoming such obstacles, to how to produce
a good features article that reflects depth and insightful knowledge of
the dynamics of the society, are revealed in this book. The work benefits
richly from the practical experience of the authors, both of who have at
one time managed for an extended period the features Editorial Department
of one of Nigeria's foremost influential dailies, the Concord Group of
Newspapers.
53. Barton, Frank: The African Newsroom. Zurich: International Press
Institute.
This practice manual is designed to assist the editorial staff, of
both the big-city dailies and small-scale newspaper operations in Africa,
to improve their professional techniques and develop "all-round" competence
in various separate editorial functions -- reporting, news-editing, sub-editing,
picture cropping, feature writing, etc. The author argues that what is
perhaps needed in most African newsrooms, at the present level of development
of the print industry in the continent, are good "all-rounders" -- those
who though may be reporters (formally trained or trained on the job) can
in an emergency take turns at the sub-desk, stand in for the news editor,
turn out reasonable feature articles etc. He thus stresses that this manual
is not primarily designed for "beginners" but rather one for the working
journalists, it is not also meant to be a premier textbook "to be read
in one sitting but something to dip into from time to time, to come back
to on occasions when say a reporter is moved to the sub-desk or vice versa.
"The manual was produced as part of the International Press Institute's
African programme in the practical training of journalists in the Third
World countries, in the 1960s and 1970s. Most of the observations and recommendations
in the book are guided by perceptions of the needs of the industry at the
time. Their continuing relevance in contemporary circumstances of the newspaper
industry in many of the African countries is open to debate.
54. Bojuwade, Dokin: The Press and Public Policy: A Guide to Information
managers. Ibadan, Nigeria: University Press, 1991.
This is a guide to government information officers and managers, written
from the perspective of a practitioner who was once a director of Nigeria's
Social Development Mobilisation Agency (MAMSER) and the Nigerian Institute
of Journalism, on their roles in the articulation and propagation of public
policies. The materials in the book are not presented in any general context
of a theory of policy-making process. They however raise important issues
and discuss insightfully major ethical and professional considerations
in the management of public policy-oriented information in an evolving
democratic political institution order like Nigeria. The book is an essential
reading for students of journalism and mass communication studies desirous
of making a career in government information services as well as policy
analysts and public information programmes for social development in the
Third World countries.
55. Duyile, Dayo: Manual for African Journalists: News Reporting and
Editing. Lagos, Nigeria. Gong Communication Ltd., 1990.
The book is a training manual for journalists in Africa. it contains
tips on such basic journalism canons like: what the news reporter's responsibilities
are in the news gathering process; interviewing techniques, and other aspects
of specialised public affairs reporting, like crime, judiciary, agriculture,
rural development etc. It also treats editing and newspaper layout and
design, in the effective communication of public affairs issues. Finally,
the book addresses practical guides for the training of an appropriate
corps of new cadre of mass communication professionals, who can effectively
discharge the responsibilities of the media in social change and in context
of the dynamics of their society.
56. Lee, Miles: Techniques of Radio production. Africa Media Monograph
Series No. 1, Nairobi African Council on Communication Education, 1986.
The book discusses some of the basic intellectual and technical requirements
of radio programme production. Some of the issues addressed include: the
nature of the medium, tools of production, production processes; programme
formats and presentation; writing for the ear, and characteristics of a
good radio programme producer and presenter. Accompanying the text content
is a glossary of broadcast terms. This is a very useful guidebook for beginners
in radio broadcasting training and practice.
57. Moemeka, Andrew A.: Reporters' Hand Book: Notes on Reporting and
Interviewing. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 1980.
The book is a summary guide for reporters on the production of news
copies, feature articles and other interpretative analytical and opinionated
editorial materials that can easily catch the eyes of an editor and guarantee
publication. It highlights the major elements of news worthiness in events,
the techniques and procedures of news and current affairs production and
presentation, interviewing techniques, and professional ethical considerations
in the news production process. Also emphasised are the criteria of news
selection, techniques of casting effective headlines and positioning of
editorial materials in a publication for maximum impact. Although The Reporters'
Handbook may not be a definitive work on the many important practice areas
that are covered. It is nonetheless a valuable aid for new entrains into
the profession, particularly those that are to function in the peculiar
circumstances of a developing African nation, like Nigeria.
58. Nwosu, Ikechukwu E. & Idemili, S. (Eds.): Public Relations:
Speech Media Writing and Copy. Enugu: ACENA Publishers, 1992.
The text is conceptualised and produced as a vital tool of public
relations practice, advertising and marketing communication, and other
related fields of public affairs' issue promotions and campaigns, particularly
from the perspective of the kinds of texts that could be appropriate in
each of these areas of public information management and communication.
It focuses on many important areas of skill requirements in public communication,
that include speech writing and speech delivery, relations writing, research
and data collection and analyses in copy preparations, editing proof reading/production/publication
in public relations and related promotional events, to gain maximum effects.
Besides taking an inter-disciplinary approach to its discussions of the
subject matters of the book, the text offers many practical examples and
practice questions in each of its chapters as well as vital professional
test questions in its appends, to guide practitioners. All these go to
make the volume a useful practice, teaching, research, and reference guide
book, that can be employed effectively at any level of teaching and practice
in public relations and related fields of corporate communication, in the
peculiar African circumstances.
59. Rowlands, Don & Lewin, Hugh (Eds.): Reporting Africa: A Manual
for Reporters in Africa. Harare, Zimbabwe: Thomson Foundation and Friedrich
Naumann Foundation, 1985.
The scarcity of relevant training and practice guide books, written
from the background of practical African experience, poses one of the most
daunting problems in the educational development efforts and the emergence
therefore of a new generation of journalists and mass communicators in
the continent, to carry the banner of the "second liberation struggle"
in Africa. This is the strategic positioning of the mass media in the post-independence
decolonisation efforts of the continent. The content of journalism professional
education programmes and practical skills craft development, textbooks
and manuals, in Africa, have continued to rely on imported textbook and
training manuals, due of course to the dearth of local productions of such
publications. This is an unacceptable phenomenon, that should be redressed
if we must establish in Africa, an authentic textbook and training manuals
that will be relevant to the local conditions; rich in African examples
and relevant to local conditions. Reporting Africa is one of the earliest
attempts, to develop such a framework, for the evolution of a training
and practice textbook and manual; in journalism and mass communication
education in Africa, based on the shared experiences of leading journalists
in the continent.
60. Scott, Chuk: Lesotho Herders Video Project: Explorations in Visual
Anthropology. Denmark: International Press, 1993.
The book is designed to serve as an accompanying study guide, for
a 40-minute communication-oriented development video tape documentary on
Lesotho, South Africa. It describes the processes undertaken in the Lesotho
Herder Video project, especially the creative use of "Visual anthropological
and ethnographic" film-making techniques and community-based video theory.
It suggests these as the path to follow in the production of other similar
video tape communication training and development guidance modules in Africa.
The book gives a first-hand account of, and reflections on, the field work
experiences, encountered in the Herders project. It also explores the relationship
between researchers and the subject community in the video production enterprise.
All these are expected to inform and condition future tactics in the exploitation
and use of visual anthropology technique in development communication in
developing African societies.
61. Sobowale, Idowu: Scientific Journalism. Lagos, Nigeria: John
West Publications Ltd., 1983.
This is an introductory text for undergraduates of journalism and
mass communication on the basic principles and methods of scientific research,
data gathering, processing and integration in news presentation. Covered
are such traditional research methods like experimentation, observation,
content analysis and survey. It also treats basic statistical methods,
like averages, which could be helpful to both practising journalists and
those in training. The author provides useful tips on how to effectively
employ statistical data in news writing and presentation.
62. Sobowale, Idowu: Journalism as a Career. Lagos, Nigeria: John
West Publications Ltd., 1985.
The book's primary target is the beginner or curb reporter journalist,
as well as those aspiring to make a career in the profession. It is designed
to assist this class of new entrants and would-be-journalists to fully
appreciate both the hazards and rewards of journalism practice in a Third
World society like Nigeria, to understand the environment in which they
would operate, and how to overcome the constraints and maximise opportunities
in their environment for a successful career. The author, who is a journalism
lecturer, researcher and editor/publisher of a daily newspaper in Nigeria
combines the wealth of his knowledge on the theory and practice of journalism
in the particular Nigerian situation to bear on this indication text for
new practitioners in the field. The books is presented in three sections,
namely: The psychological, sociological and ecological factors of journalism
practice, the politics of the newsroom and how to cope with it, and the
ABC of journalism. Needless to say, "Journalism as a career" is a highly
valued tool of practice for the young reporter on-the-job, and useful source
of practical knowledge for the trainee journalist in Africa.
63. Sonaike, E. Adefemi: Fundamentals of News Reporting. Lagos,
Nigeria, John West Publications Ltd., 1987.
The book is a basic induction/instructional material for those aspiring
to career positions in reportorial and editorial arms of newspapers and
other print media establishments in Nigeria and African countries. Although
written with newspaper news reporting bias, the book can with appropriate
adaptation be a useful guide for news reporters in other media of mass
communication. It covers many of the essentials of news reporting, in the
peculiar circumstance of Africa's (Nigerian) socio-political, economic
and ethnic relations dynamics. Materials in the book are produced from
the perspective of one who is both a senior lecturer in journalism and
mass communication in one of Nigeria's premier universities and a practitioner
(on sabbatical leave) as editor of the countries most distinguished popular
and widely circulated dailies -- the Daily Times of Nigeria. The "tit-bits,"
on effective reportorial activities in the Third World, which are provided
in the text, thus benefit from both the academic and practical professional
experiences of the author of this book in the newspaper industry in Nigeria.
General Reader
64. Adaba, A. Tom & Ajia, Olalekan & Nwosu, Ikechukwu (Eds.):
Communication Industry in Nigeria: The Crisis of Publication. Africa
Media Monograph Series No. 6. Nairobi: African Council on Communication
Education, 1988.
The monography addresses the issue of dearth of appropriate textbooks
on mass communication education in Nigeria and other Third World countries.
It looks at the problem from both cultural and disciplinary perspectives
-- a culture that has not developed relatively a high tradition of serious
academic scholarship and consumption patterns, and a discipline that is
yet to establish itself as a legitimate independent field of social inquiry.
It calls for a deliberate state policy to address these problems and promote
the mass communication education materials publication industry in Africa
and the rest of the Third World. Substantively, the book is organised in
four parts. Part one gives a general overview of the publishing industry
in Nigeria. Part two deals with question of research needed for the production
and sustenance of a viable indigenous communication textbook enterprise
in the country; while part three discusses some of the crucial subjects
which such a publication enterprise must focus upon. Part four of the publication
concludes the presentation with vital issues of distribution and costing,
that are central to successful publishing enterprise - in Africa. The articles
in the volume bring to the foreground of their presentation the rich experiences
of their authors, as scholars, researchers and educators in mass communication
education in Africa, and thus represent themselves as classic cases of
the experience of "masters of the craft" in the discipline.
65. Amatokwu, F. Nwokedi: Journalism in Nigeria. Lagos: Citadel
Resources, 1989.
The book is a fifteen chapter random thoughts, by the author, on a
variety of issues dealing with the practice of journalism in contemporary
Nigerian society. It is divided into five parts. Part one contains two
chapters that x-rays the changes in the society since political independence,
and the need for a re-orientation of journalists to cope with the challenges
of post independence African conditions. Parts two made up of six chapters,
addresses issues of the regulation of professional practice and a variety
of perspectives or models of control that have been advanced in that respect.
Parts three, four and five, which are one chapter sections of the book,
cover a broad spectrum of subjects that range from the objectional aspects
of the colonial inheritances of journalism practice in Africa, through
methods for the abandonment of such unacceptable practice, to models of
practice that could ensure the effective integration and voluntary commitment
of the media in the process of authentic societal and national development.
The book also prefers the minimum qualification and experience that could
make a journalist eligible for leadership, under the conditions dictated
by the imperatives of the present circumstances of the African media constitution.
66. Ahua, Atsen, J.: Africa Communication Development and the Future.
Nairobi, Kenya: URTNA Program Exchange Centre, 1994.
In 1992, the Union of National Radio and Television Organisation of
Africa (URTNA), celebrated its 30th anniversary, with events which ran
from May to June of that year. Two symposia were held in Dakar and Nairobi
as part of the celebration programme. On May 19, 1992, URTNA brought together
prominent communication scholars and practitioners from within and outside
Africa to deliberate on the topic ( "challenges facing broadcasting in
Africa") in Dakar, Senegal. One year later, prominent players and associates
in the African communication scene were gathered in Nairobi, Kenya, in
June 24, 1993, to exchange ideas on the theme: "Africa -- Communication,
Development and the Future". The content of this book reflects some of
the pertinent issues raised at these two fora. The backgrounds of the contributors
vary from communications entrepreneurs, scholars and analysts and practitioners,
as well as policy makers and policy leaders. A motif which runs through
all the presentations is the desire to critically evaluate the present
circumstance of media institutionalisation in Africa, and come up with
realistic strategies for their development, within the global context of
media roles in development. While the book does not seek to answer all
the questions on Africa's communication developments, nor to even cover
all the subject areas pertinent to communication development in Africa,
it makes significant contributions to on-going discussion on Africa's communication
development and should prove a useful text in that regard.
67. Akinfeleye, Ralph E.: Essentials of Modern African Journalisms:
A Premier. Lagos, Nigeria: Miral Printing Press, 1982.
The book is designed as a premier instructional material for training
programmes in journalism and mass communication education in Africa. It
provides answers to practical questions, of interests to young aspiring
journalists and other public communicators on: what being a journalist
entails; the requirements of the practice, where and how to obtain the
requisite professional training and qualifications; the kinds of work a
trained person can do and where he or she can be employed; and what the
working environment may look like, in the African operative environments.
The book undertakes an examination of journalism training content in sixteen
institutions, in five African countries; namely Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya,
Senegal and Tanzania. It discusses these in relation to the adequacy of
the programmes for the needs of post-independence communication in Africa.
Other issues discussed in the book include technical production matters
of newspaper/magazine layouts; typography and design; editing and graphics
of communication; photo-reporting and other illustrative device representations
of editorial materials that the author terms as "journalism of the next-of-kins"
"journalism of the general order" and "journalism of conscience."
68. Akinfeleye, Ralph A. (Ed.): Media Nigeria: Dialectic Issues in Nigerian
Journalism. Lagos Nigeria: Nelson Publishers Ltd., 1990.
The book is a collection of essays by teachers of journalism and mass
communication in Nigeria. It does not only highlight important issues of
concern in the contemporary Nigerian mass media system configuration, it
discusses the past and future prospects of the industry's development in
context of the nation's history and ostensible path of development. The
book is a timely contribution to the current debate on "whether communication
and journalism training in Nigeria and Africa as a while" should be ideologically
targeted. It also addresses age-long controversial issues of whether journalism
practice can be conceived as a profession or a craft vocation, and what
roles can be ascribed to journalists in a modern central administrative
system.
69. Akinyemi, A.B.: The British Press and the Nigerian Civil War: The
Godfather Complex. Nigeria Institute of International Affairs (NIIA)
Monograph Series, No. 2. Ibadan, Nigeria: University Press Ltd., 1979.
The monograph deals with factors in foreign policy and international
relations that tend to inform patterns of local media attention and coverage
of international events. The Nigerian Civil War of 1967 to 1970 is presented
as a case study. Nigeria and Britain had a special relationship n international
affairs, prior to the outbreak of the civil war in Nigeria in 1967. The
former (Nigeria), was a colonial territory of Britain for about a century;
both countries belonged to an association of independent states of the
former British empire; both regarded each others fortunes in the international
community as intertwined. In addition to these, a considerable number of
British citizens and corporate bodies had contacts in Nigeria and investment
interests in the country, and vice versa. Britain continued to play a "God-father
role to the country in international affairs, as its former colonial master,
at the outbreak of the civil war in Nigeria. Of all British former colonies,
Nigeria had the largest population and natural resources endownment, including
trained manpower in practically all fields of human endeavour. It is within
the above context of foreign relations considerations that the book examined
the coverage of the British Press in Nigeria's civil war history.
70. Altbach, Philip G. & Kats, Ivan (Eds.): Publishing and development
in the Third World. England: Heinemann Publications, 1992.
The strong association between virile indigenous books publishing
industry and the intellectual, cultural and educational development of
any modern society is a widely acknowledged fact of the histories of the
developed nations. In recognition of the vital role books play in societal
development, UNESCO and other international development aid agencies and
foundations have over the past three decades made efforts through various
forms of technical assistantship programmes to encourage the growth of
an indigenous book publishing industry in many countries of the Third World.
This volume is one of the most comprehensive attempts at delineating and
providing full understanding of the problems and accomplishments of book
publishing in Africa and Asia, in the context of Third World development
dynamics. Its twenty-three well documented chapters are based on analytic
reports of specific experiences of publishers from Africa and Asia on a
wide range of issues and problems relating to book publishing and development
in their respective countries. The country reports, that form the core
of this volume, were presented at an International Seminar on the "crisis
of autonomous publishing in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia", organised
by the Obor Foundation in February 1991 at the Rockefeller Foundation's
conference centre in Belloagw, Italy. The seminar drew its participants
from the academic community and publishers in Africa and Asia, and major
international donor agencies, governments and foundations that are active
sponsors of Third World publishing. The aim of the seminar was "experience-sharing"
among the various groups of participants that are involved in the publishing
activities in Africa and Asia. Consequently, the book is enriched not only
by the comparative expose of experiences from the two key regions of the
world (Africa and Asia) which it provides, but also by a creative and integrated
analysis of participants input at the seminar, to produce a landmark text
on indigenous book publishing in the Third World. Among the cases analysed
in the book are: India, Tanzania, Kenya, Nigeria, South Korea, Vietnam
and the Philippines. The comparative significances of these countries in
the full understanding of the complexity of book development in the Third
World are extensively discussed in the book.
71. Barton, Frank: The Press of Africa: Persecution and Perseverance.
London: Macmillan, 1979.
The book is about newspapers and newspaper men in Southern Africa,
their racial/ethnic and political orientation; legal and extra-legal administrative
pressures that influence their responses to the management of public affairs
information etc. The author, examines how the press has functioned under
the African political leaderships in many of the independent countries,
and advances the view that political freedom appears to have heralded the
disappearance of "press freedom" in the continent. In most countries of
the sub-Saharan Africa. The authors observes press freedom has become either
an "endangered specie" or has completely disappeared as part of the foundations
of the contemporary states in Africa. The author concludes with the view
that a theory of a second liberation of Africa, through the instrumentality
of the press, is required, to ensure that mass communication in an ostensibly
liberated sovereign African country is not deployed for anti-liberation
ends of the large segments of the population in the new post-colonial socio-political
and economic dispensation of the Africa.
72. Bojuade, Dokun (Ed.): Journalism and Society. Ibadan: Evans
Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Ltd., 1987.
This is a compilation of papers delivered by "distinguished guest
lecturers" of Nigeria's Institute of Journalism (NIJ) at its annual presentation
of the status of the craft and profession in pursuance of the institution's
mandated obligation to seek the personnel highest excellence in the training
of professionals in the industry. The contributions in the book discuss:
the ideals in journalism practice; the character and role of the ideal
editor, in modern journalistic practice; the multi-disciplinary orientation
of the practice; the intellectual strengths and unyielding emphasis on
professional ethics on objectivity in the practice of the profession, and
the watchdog role of the media on issues of public interests. The strength
of the contributions in the volume is the blend of theory and practical
reportorial experiences, that the authors brought to bear, on the discussion
of their respective subject matters.
73. Bowman, Larry, W.: Politics in Rhodesia: White Power in an African
State. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1973.
The book traces the advent of European (White) settlers in Rhodesia
(now Zimbabwe) during the British colonial rule of the country, and their
subsequent domination of the native black population, to series of racial
discriminatory policies of the British colonial administration. It discusses
the various ways these policies were engineered and employed to enthrone
and entrench white supremacy and exclusivity in the political, economic
and socio-cultural life of the country, until the Unilateral. Declaration
of Independence (UDI) in 1965 by Ian Smith, that, forced the severance
of relations with Rhodesia by Britain. Although the book does not dwell
much on the media, it contains cases of the arbitrary and illegal use of
state power (by the apartheid minority white regime in pre-independence
Zimbabwe) to intimidate or close down liberal newspaper houses while promoting
those that advanced the cause of white supremacy throughout the duration
of liberation struggle in that country.
74. Chimutengwende, Chen. M.: South Africa: The Press and Politics of
Liberation. London: Barhicon Books, 1978.
The work is an analytical expose on the role of the mass media (newspapers
and other periodicals) in the political liberation struggles in southern
Africa, which includes South Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe. It discusses
the geo-political and racial formations of the countries of the South African
hemisphere, in historical context; the emergence of racially discriminating
state policies (apartheid) in those countries; and the parts played by
the media in the perpetuation or struggle against apartheid and its obnoxious
state policies. It examines some of the major enactments that impinged
on the development of a virile "liberation press" in those countries, and
analyses strategies that were adopted by the liberation movements and the
press sympathetic to their causes to overcome the operational difficulties
posed by apartheid and other racially discriminatory policies and programmes
in southern African countries, throughout the liberation struggles in the
sub-region.
75. Clark, Ebun & Hubert Ogunde: The Making of Nigerian Theatre.
London: Oxford University Press, 1980.
This is essentially a biographical sketch of a pioneer indigenous
modern theatre actor and producer in Africa, Hubert Ogunde of Nigeria,
and the historical account of his contributions towards the development
of the industry in Nigeria. It is divided into two parts. Part one, made
up of three chapters, deals with Ogunde's theatre career, the emergence
of his theatre in the national and international cultural landscapes and
its adoption as the corner-stone of Nigerian government efforts at internationalisation
of the country's culture. Part two of the book treats the historical evolution
of Ogunde's theatre, in relation to its content and form of representation
of the African culture. It has three appendices that deal on Hubert Ogunde's
professionalism, performance standards, and relation with government agencies
and establishments.
76. Duyile, Dayo: Media and Mass Communication in Nigeria. Lagos,
Nigeria: Gong Communication Ltd., 1989.
The book presents a brush like overview of mass media of communication
in Nigeria. It treats topics like: rural mass communication within the
context of political arrangements in Nigeria; the status of the press,
radio and television in the country's journalism development, and the role
of the News Agency of Nigeria in that development. Also discussed are:
government press relations; problems and constraints of journalism practice
in Nigeria; and the importance of a national mass communication policy
in the orderly development and growth of the media industry in Nigeria.
77. Ekwuasi, Hyginus: Film in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Moonlight
Publishers, 1987.
The book is a significant contribution to the literature of a field
in mass communication studies in Africa that is still at a very early stage
of development. Each of the eight chapters of the book presents some unique
insights into various facets of problems of film production in Africa,
with Nigeria as a case study, and plausible organisational and policies
solutions to those problems. The value of this work lies in its establishment
of a dynamic framework for the analysis and appreciation of the socio-political
and cultural contexts in which films, for development communication purposes
in Nigeria and other African societies, can be effectively produced to
serve needed change in the continent. The book is an important reading
and teaching material for communication students, teachers, researchers,
and programme producers who are involved/interested in the study of the
film industry in Africa or desirous to undertake film production as a career
in the continent.
78. Etukudor, Nelson (Ed.): Issues and Problems in Mass Communication.
Calabar, Nigeria: Development Digest Ltd., 1986.
This is a collection of descriptive essays, by contributors from varying
social disciplinary backgrounds, on diverse issues and problems on mass
communication in Africa. Subjects enjoined include some key non-democratising
legal and extra-legal administrative and policy controls, as well as sectional
socio-ethnic and religious pressure groups influences, that have emerged
and still continue to become dominant features of the operational environment
of journalists, broadcasters and other practitioners in the field of mass
communication in Nigeria, (and indeed Africa) since the attainment of the
country's political independence from Britain in 1960. In the views of
both the editor and contributors to the publication, these forces have
been largely responsible for what is perceived in the publication as the
continuing inability of ethically grounded-professional media practice
to emerge in Nigeria, and perhaps in other similarly constituted countries
in Africa. Although the contributions in the book are centred on the Nigerian
post-colonial experience and specifically on the country's failed Second
Republic's Civil democratic experiment (1979-1983), the issues raised,
canvassed and solution proffered are significantly relevant for understanding
prevailing conditions in many other post-colonial African countries.
79. Hachten, William. A.: Mass Communication in Africa: An Annotated
Bibliography. Madison: Centre for International Studies, University
of Wisconsin, 1971.
The annotated bibliography lists some of the major publications in
the field, by American, European and African scholars in the 1950s and
1960s. It has 540 entries, classified into 18 headings, thusly: African
Mass Communication in General; African Politics, History and Society; Communication
Theory and Methods; Newspaper: Under colonial Rule or Before 1960; Newspaper:
Since Independence or After 1960; Radio Broadcasting; Television; Magazines,
Rural Publications, etc; Press Freedom, Censorship and Government Controls;
International News Flow and News Agencies; Foreign Correspondents; International
Political Communication; Training of Journalists; Educational Media; Satellites
and Telecommunications; Cinema; Books; and Advertising. The publication
is an invaluable resource material for communication researchers and students
interested in mass communication research and intellectual development
in Africa, particularly of the early stages covered in the text.
80. Head, Sydney, W. (Ed.): Broadcasting in Africa: A Continental Survey
of Radio and Television. Philadelphia, USA: Temple University Press,
1974.
This 453 page book is a monumental work designed to redress the paucity
of research information on broadcasting in Africa vis-à-vis the
print media. It is divided into three parts. The first section deals with
the history and development of broadcasting in different nations of Africa
(independent and non-independent), as well as their programming structures.
The second part emphasises: the patterns of international broadcasting
to and from different countries of Africa; bilateral and multilateral foreign
aids, from the United States of America, Great Britain, Canada, Germany,
the UNESCO, ITU, World Bank and similar non-Governmental Organisation,
towards the development of broadcasting systems in Africa. The section
also covers patterns of training, educational uses of broadcasting and
broadcasting research in various African countries. Part three of the book
treats issues like: audience building strategies; programming; personnel
recruitment and utilisation; and problems inherent in foreign aids support
in the development of national broadcasting systems in Africa. The book
has six appendices, covering: problems of spectrum allocation and utilisation
in Africa; broadcasting in periods of political crisis; historical and
demographic data on each of the countries; a summary of broadcasting system's
facilities in each country; and a summary of the vehicular language of
broadcasting in respective countries.
81. James, Sybil & Ode, Isaac & Soola, Oludayo: Introduction
to Communication for Business and Organisations. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum
Books Ltd., 1989.
The scope of career opportunities, for graduates in journalism and
mass communication in Africa, is broadening. The continually expanding
post-independent business and industrial activities in many of the African
countries has provided new vistas of career possibilities for trained journalists
and mass media communicators other than in the traditional print and broadcast
media. Indeed, trained and untrained communicators are now routinely recruited,
by business and industrial enterprises in Africa, to perform specialised
corporate public affairs information management and communication for their
respective organisations. This book is designed to provide a basic teaching
and induction training material on corporate business and non-business
philanthropic public affairs communication. It emphasises the nuances of
language requirements in context of the peculiar characteristics and operational
thrusts of different corporate organisations, and the impacts of linguistic
structuring of messages designed for each corporate entity. The content
of the book benefits from the research of three experienced scholars, in
diverse disciplinary areas, on the problems of instructional materials
development, for change oriented communication in Africa.
82. Kwame, Boafo (Ed.): Media and Environment in Africa: Challenges
for the Future. Nairobi, Kenya: African Council for Communication Education,
1993.
The question of environmental degradation, conservation and management
has gradually come to dominate the centre-stage of agenda in development
during the past two decades. Public awareness and action regarding environmental
issues and problems are increasingly becoming central focus of official
government administration policy thinking and concerns, in many of the
Third Whorl countries. The chapters in Media and Environment in Africa:
Challenges for the Future present the common view that appropriate communication
resources, strategies and approaches, are important variables in efforts
to generate society-wide concern and care for the environment in Africa.
They also emphasise that creating the requisite knowledge, awareness and
appreciation among mass communication scholars, educators and researchers,
as well as media practitioners, are significant initial steps in using
communication media to aid environmental management and preservation in
Africa. The ultimate challenge is for those groups of professionals to
recognise the importance of more knowledge, better comprehension of the
African situation and willingness to address the problems.
83. McGarry, Georgia (Ed.): Reaction and Protests in the West African
Press. A Collection of Newspaper Articles on Five 19th Century African
Leaders. Cambridge: African Studies Centre, 1978.
The book is both a personality profile of five renowned early freedom
fighters in the colonial British West Africa and an account of the strategies
and tactics they adopted to challenge European colonisation of their respective
countries as documented in newspaper articles of their time. It discusses
the treatment these pioneer freedom fighters received from the British
imperial overlords of their respective countries, as well as the attitude
of their educated compatriots towards resistance to British colonialism.
The book also portrays the complex social, political and economic interests
that influenced the attitudes of the educated African elite at the time.
More significantly, the book establishes that there was a well established
indigenous press in Anglophone West Africa in the last two decades of the
19th Century's European political intervention and colonialism of the sub-region.
The protests and resistance to European (British) domination of the socio-economic
and political lives of the indigenous native population, put forward by
the early press formations in the pre-colonial and colonial Anglophone
West Africa, are also documented in the book. The book is, therefore, both
a valued historical document on the role of the press in the political
liberation of the Anglophone Colonial British West African territories(
including Nigeria), and media strategies for political and non-armed emancipation
of an erstwhile colony of a foreign power.
84. Mytton, Graham: Mass Communication in Africa. London: Edward
Arnold Publishers Ltd., 1983.
This book is about the development of Africa's mass communication
media. It portrays the rapid growth of newspapers, radio and television,
throughout the continent; provides the setting for an analyses of important
social, political and professional issues -- like the role of the journalists
in a developing country, and the need for a New World Information Order.
Extensive case studies, on these issues, are provided from Zambia, Tanzania
and Nigeria. Readers, interested in mass communication development subjects,
and in studies of dynamics of social and political, transformation and
change in Africa, will find this book useful and thought-provoking in their
respective occupations.
85. Nordenstreng, Kaarle & Ng'wanakilala, Nwabi: Tanzania and the
New Information Order: A Case Study of Africa's Second Struggle. Dar
es Salaam: Printak, Tanzania Ltd., n.d.
The book presents a case analysis of efforts, by an African country
(Tanzania), to address through policy the complex problems of: (a) post-independence
decolonisation of the content of mass communication media in Africa; (b)
restructuring of colonially patterned inter and intra-communication in
Africa, that induces alienation and disparity in information transactions
and exchanges in the continent; and (c) makes difficult the fostering of
closer relationships and interaction between and among the African people
and cultures, and the extension of opportunities for social communication
for the advancement of groups that currently make up the national communities
in Africa. The analysis is carried out in context of a variety of integrated
issues and problems that have continually dogged the search for the New
World Information and Communication Order (NWIO.)
86. Nwosu, Ikechukwu. E. (Ed.): Mass Communication and National Development:
Perspectives on the Communication Environment of Development in Nigeria.
Aba, Nigeria: Frontier Publishers Ltd., 1990.
This book is a compilation of thirty-four (34) authoritative reports
and analyses that underscore in various ways the intimate relationship
between factors of rural/national development and communication environments,
in the Nigerian context. The contributions to the volume collectively paint
a lucid picture of the communication environments of development in Nigeria,
and suggest how the mass media can contribute to the country's broad-based
development if well structured and utilised. The book also offers an elaborate
real-life case reports on integrated rural development to expand the readers'
insight into the practical problems of rural development in Nigeria (and
other African countries), to better appreciate the magnitude of the tasks
involved and how best to apply communication and other socio-psychological
devices of attitude change to the development process. It is a veritable
working companion to media professionals, government information officers,
non-governmental development agencies officers, corporate public relations
and advertising practitioners and students and teachers in the discipline.
87. Nwuneli, Onuora E. (Ed.): Mass Communication In Nigeria: A Book
of Readings. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension Publishing Co. Ltd.,1985.
This book of readings contains a collection of some of the most thoroughly
researched and analysed reports on a wide range of topical issues relating
to mass communication in Africa, specifically in Nigeria. Articles (Chapters)
in the 263-page book are grouped under six different conceptual headings
or sections. Section one, under the heading "Growth of Mass Communication
in Nigeria", treats the origin and development of the media, especially
the newspaper press, in the country. Section two, titled "News Flow, Access
and Constraints" deals with issues associated with national and international
news flow concept and structures. Issues and content o f the Nigerian mass
media are discussed in section three under the general heading - "Issues
in the Media". Under the concept of "Communication and Culture", Section
four of the book contains articles that deal with mass media as custodians
of culture and the role the media play in preserving the cultures of Nigerian
and African peoples. The fifth section, "Communication and Social Change
"reviews extensively the Western - derived paradigms on the relationships
between communication and development, suggests new directions that emphasise
African historical and sociological experience. The last section of the
book engages issues of "Communication Polices", in Nigeria, crisis in policies,
and what measures that could be taken to improve the situation. One of
the greatest values of this book is the creative ways in which the editor
and contributors to the volume engage age-long issues and concerns in the
discipline from a refreshingly African perspective.
88. Okunna, Chinyere Stella & Amafili, Chudi & Okenwa, Nnamdi (Eds.):
Theory and Practice of Mass Communication. Enugu, Nigeria: ABIC
Publishers, 1993.
The book is designed as an instructional text for mass communication
education and training in universities and polytechnics in Africa. It is
divided into two major sections. Section one treats topics like: writing
style; editing; radio/television production techniques; advertising appropriation
and budgeting considerations; and laws of the press (in Nigeria). The second
section of the book deals with issues of language, objectivity, and sensitivity
to local cultural taboos, in design of media messages, both in the domestic
and international communication. Also addressed is the concept of press
freedom in context of the geo-political and structural circumstances of
emerging democracies in Africa. The editors of this volume as well contributors,
are all lecturers and researchers in mass communication. They bring to
bear on their respective discussions and analysis, both theory and practical
research experiences in the field. The end product of their efforts, represented
in the content of the volume, is expected to serve as a stimulus for further
research works in the different topics covered in the text.
89. Oluwasanmi, Edwin & McLean, Eva & Zell, Hans (Eds.): Publishing
in Africa in the Seventies. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press,
1975.
This is a collection of papers presented at an International Conference
on Publishing and Book Development in Africa held at the Obafemi University
of Ife, Ile-Ife. Nigeria from December 16 - 20, 1973. In their introductory
remarks, the editors of this volume hail the arrival of indigenous publishing
in Africa. They observe that a lively and flourishing publishing industry
is vital for meaningful development to occur in the continent, foster and
preserve valuable features of a country's culture, and produce inexpensive
books to meet local needs. They noted some of the major impediments in
the growth of the industry in Africa, which must be seriously addressed
and solutions urgently found through the concerted and joint efforts of
publishers, governments and non-governmental funding agencies. These include
problems of poor distribution facilities, inadequate promotions and marketing
methods and technical expertise which discourage writers from giving their
works to African Publishers. Some of the major issues addressed in the
book are: problems of adults and children's' books publishing in Africa,
fostering indigenous language publications; fostering literacy and reading
culture in Africa. Others are problems of distribution, marketing and promotions,
copyright and the need for a strong professional association both at the
continental and specific countries levels in Africa. Matters relating to
technical personnel development for the book industry, manuscript acquisition,
the acquisition of equipment and other publications materials , input training
and handling of copy materials for publication, are also treated in the
book.
90. Opubor, Alfred E. & Nwuneli, O.E. (Eds.): The Development and
Growth of the Film Industry in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Third Press
International, 1979.
The book is an outcome of a seminar on films and their relationship
to cultural identity representations of Nigeria and the Africa peoples.
The seminar was sponsored in Nigeria, in 1978, by the Nigerian National
Council for Arts and Culture. The volume looks at all possible factors
that could help enhance the development and growth of the film industry
in a young independent nation, like Nigeria. It suggests ways in which
government and independent business entrepreneurs could work together towards
the development of a viable and self-sustaining film industry in Nigeria
and in other African countries. The book provide a valuable materials input
in the making of public policy for development of films and theatre industry
in the third world as a vital instrument for grassroots-based societal
transformation and change.
91. Prinsio, Jeanne: Media Matters in South Africa. Durban: South
Africa; Media Resource Centre, University of Natal, 1991.
The essays assembled in the publication were presented at a South
African national conference on "Developing Media Education in the 1990s",
organised by the Media Resource Centre of the University of Natal in Durban,
South Africa. They collectively stress the significance of the educational
content of the media, in South Africa's democratisation and anti-apartheid
racial discriminatory policies, particularly in context of approaches and
considerations to pedagogy, theory of the state and power sharing. The
book will hopefully promote critical and co-operative exchange among educators
in the field. This development will in turn contribute to the development
of students who are both critical and active and accordingly essential
for a democratic future in South Africa.
92. Tomaselli, Keyan & Ruth Tomaselli & John Muller (Eds.): Studies
in South African Media. London: James Currey Publishers, 1987
This landmark publication comes in three volumes, each of which examines
critically the imports of three major books on South Africa's media history
and development, and their engagements in the country's anti-apartheid
struggle. The publications are: The Press in South Africa; Broadcasting
in South Africa, and the Alternative Press in South Africa -- appropriate
references to authors and publishers of each of the books are contained
in the publication. From a critical evaluation of the contents of the books,
the editors of the three volumes attempted to debunk prevailing "myths",
such as the "Afrikaner" or "Oppenheimer" conspiracies between the media
and dominant Afrikaner political mainstream thought, during the apartheid
regime in the country. They view the apartheid South African society and
its media relationship largely as characterised by continuous struggle
and conflicts amongst the different racial/ethnic groupings in the country,
to gain control of the mass media, rather than from the perspective of
racial conspiracy theory.
93. Ugboajah, Frank O. & Nwosu, Ikechkwu & Adaba, A. Tom (Eds.):
Communication Training and Practice in Nigeria: Issues and Perspectives.
Africa Media Monograph Series No. 3. Nairobi: African Council on Communication
Education, 1987.
This 244 page monograph addresses contemporary issues and problems
of mass communication training and practice in Africa, from a variety of
epistemological perspectives. It upholds the view that a socio-cultural
centric framework in the training of media practitioners in Africa should
be evolved rather than the present format that produces journalists with
no-fixed orientations and knowledge on the peculiarities of their operative
environments. Materials presented in the volume are grouped into two parts.
Part, one encompasses 11 chapters (articles) that address issues of appropriate
communication training programme for the would-be professionals in the
system. Part two of the book is composed of 8 chapters, dealing with topics
such as: responsibility, ethics and regulation of the media, and their
various productions uses for educational and development purposes. The
work stands out as a significant contribution to the understanding of mass
communication phenomenon in contemporary African geo-political, social
and economic circumstances, and the applications of such knowledge in the
development of relevant training modules and practice guide manuals for
the proper induction of existing practitioners and new entrants into the
profession in Africa.
94. Wilcox, Daniel L.: Mass Media in Black Africa. Philosophy and Control.
New York, USA: Praeger, 1975.
The book is a descriptive and analytical account of the philosophies
that underlie press-government relationships in 34 independent sub-Saharan
African countries, by 1974, when the study was conducted. Thus areas in
sub-Saharan Africa that were still under colonial rule or white minority
administrations at the time of the study are not included in the analysis.
There is an obvious empathy in the book, for the views commonly held by
the indigenous political rulers of the new post-colonial states of Africa,
for some form of centralised administrative regulations and control in
the operation of the respective national media set-ups, in order to hold
in check the course of their fledgling polities. The book thus views comparisons
of the experiences or the press development in America and other established
Western liberal democracies, particularly in context of press-government
relations, as perhaps not constituting an appropriate model in the contemporary
African circumstances. It raises issues of peculiar "colonial legacy",
"ownership structures" and funding patterns and controls of mass media
development in Africa, which make their philosophical foundations radically
different from those of their counterparts in the older established and
the rest of the industrialised Western societies.
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